C++编程设计代写、代写data程序

日期：2021-11-14 10:25

Lab 2: RISC-V 5 Stage Pipeline Simulator  

In this Lab assignment, you will implement a cycle-accurate simulator for a 5-stage pipelined  RISC-V processor in C++. The simulator supports a subset of the RISC-V instruction set and should model the execution of each instruction cycle by cycle.  

A RISC-V program should be provided to the simulator as a text file “imem.txt” file that is used to initialize the Instruction Memory. Each line of the file corresponds to a Byte stored in the Instruction Memory in binary format, with the first line at address 0, the next line at address 1 and so on. Four contiguous lines correspond to a whole instruction. Note that the words stored in memory are in “Big-Endian” format, meaning that the most significant byte is stored first.

The Data Memory is initialized using the “dmem.txt” file. The format of the stored words is the same as the Instruction Memory. As with the instruction memory, the data memory addresses also begin at 0 and increment by one in each line.

The instructions to be supported and their encodings are shown in Table 1. Note that all instructions, except for “halt”, exist in the RISC-V ISA. The RISC-V Instruction Set Manual in Assignments defines the semantics of each instruction (page 130).

For the purposes of this lab only, we will assume that the beq (branch-if-qual) instruction  operates like a bne (branch-if-not-equal) instruction. In other words, in your implementations you will assume that the beq jumps to the branch address if R[rs1] != R[rs2] and jumps to PC+4 , otherwise, i.e., if R[rs1] = R[rs2]

(Note that a real beq instruction would operate in the opposite fashion, that is, it will jump to  the branch address if R[rs1] = R[rs2] and to PC+4 otherwise. The reason we had to make this modification for this lab is because to implement loops we actually need the bne instruction.

NameFormat TypeOpcode (Binary)Func 3(Binary)Func 7(Binary)

addR-Type01100110000000000

subR-Type01100110000100000

addiI-Type0010011000

andR-Type01100111110000000

orR-Type01100111100000000

xorR-Type01100111000000000

beqSB-Type1100011000

jalUJ-Type1101111

ldI-Type0000011011

sdS-Type0100011011

Table 1. Instruction encodings for a reduced RISC-V ISA

Pipeline Structure

Your RISC-V pipeline has the following 5 stages:

1.Fetch (IF): fetches an instruction from instruction memory. Updates PC.

2.Decode (ID/RF): reads from the register RF and generates control signals required in subsequent stages. In addition, branches are resolved in this stage by checking for the branch condition and computing the effective address.

3.Execute (EX): performs an ALU operation.

4.Memory (MEM): loads or stores a 64-bit word from data memory.

5.Writeback (WB): writes back data to the RF.

Your simulator can make use of the same RF, IMEM and DMEM classes that you used for Lab1. Complete implementations of these classes are provided for you in the skeleton code. Note that we have not defined an ALU class since, for this lab, the ALU is simple and only needs to perform adds and subtracts. Each pipeline stages takes inputs from flip-flops. The input flip-flops for each pipeline stage are described in the tables below.  

IF Stage Input Flip-Flops

Flip-Flop NameBit-widthFunctionality

PC32Current value of PC

nop1If set, IF stage performs a nop

IF/ID Stage Flip-Flops

Flip-Flop NameBit-widthFunctionality

Instr3232b instruction read from Imem

nop1If set, ID stage performs a nop

ID/EXE Stage Flip-Flops

Flip-Flop NameBit-widthFunctionality

Read_data1, Read_data264 不是 3264b data values read from RF

rs1, rs25Addresses of source registers rs1, rs2. Note these are defined for R-type, I-type, S-type, and SB-type instructions

Wrt_reg_addr5Address of the instruction’s destination register. Don’t care if the instruction doesn’t update the RF

Alu_op1Set for add, addi, ld, sd; unset for sub, subi

Is_I_type1Set if the instruction is I-type

Wrt_enable1Set if instruction updates RF

Rd_mem, Wr_mem1Rd_mem set for ld and wrt_mem set for sd instructions

nop1If set, EXE stage performs a nop

EXE/MEM Stage Flip-Flops

Flip-Flop NameBit-widthFunctionality

ALU_result64 不是3264b ALU result, don’t care for beq

Store_data64 不是3264b value to be stored in DMEM for sd instruction. Don’t care otherwise

rs1, rs25Addresses of source registers rs1, rs2. Note these are defined for R-type, I-type, S-type, and SB-type instructions

Wrt_reg_addr5Address of the instruction’s destination register. Don’t care if the instruction doesn’t update the RF

Wrt_enable1Set if instruction updates RF

Rd_mem, Wr_mem1Rd_mem set for ld and wrt_mem set for sd instructions

nop1If set, EXE stage performs a nop

WB Stage Input Flip-Flops

Flip-Flop NameBit-widthFunctionality

Wrt_data64 不是3264b value to be written back to RF. Don’t care for sd and beq

rs1, rs25Addresses of source registers rs1, rs2. Note these are defined for R-type, S-type, and SB-type instructions

Wrt_reg_addr5Address of the instruction’s destination register. Don’t care if the instruction doesn’t update the RF

Wrt_enable1Set if instruction updates RF

nop1If set, EXE stage performs a nop

Dealing with Hazards

Your processor must deal with two types of hazards.

1.RAW Hazards: RAW hazards are dealt with using either only forwarding (if possible) or, if not, using stalling + forwarding. You must follow the mechanisms described in Lecture to deal RAW hazards.

2.Control Flow Hazards: You will assume that branch conditions are resolved in the ID/RF stage of the pipeline. Your processor deals with beq instructions as follows:

a) Branches are always assumed to be NOT TAKEN. That is, when a beq is fetched in the IF stage, the PC is speculatively updated as PC+4.

b) Branch conditions are resolved in the ID/RF stage. To make your life easier, will ensure that every beq instruction has no RAW dependency with its previous two instructions. In other words, you do NOT have to deal with RAW hazards for branches!

c)Two operations are performed in the ID/RF stage: (i) Read_data1 and Read_data2 are compared to determine the branch outcome; (ii) the effective branch address is computed.

d)If the branch is NOT TAKEN, execution proceeds normally. However, if the branch is TAKEN, the speculatively fetched instruction from PC+4 is quashed in its ID/RF stage using the nop bit and the next instruction is fetched from the effective branch address. Execution now proceeds normally.

The nop bit

The nop bit for any stage indicates whether it is performing a valid operation in the current clock cycle. The nop bit for the IF stage is initialized to 0 and for all other stages is initialized to 1. (This is because in the first clock cycle, only the IF stage performs a valid operation.)

In the absence of hazards, the value of the nop bit for a stage in the current clock cycle is

equal to the nop bit of the prior stage in the previous clock cycle.

However, the nop bit is also used to implement stall that result from a RAW hazard or to quash speculatively fetched instructions if the branch condition evaluates to TAKEN.

The HALT Instruction

The halt instruction is a “custom” instruction we introduced so you know when to stop the simulation. When a HALT instruction is fetched in IF stage at cycle N, the nop bit of the IF stage in the next clock cycle (cycle N+1) is set to 1 and subsequently stays at 1. The nop bit of the ID/RF stage is set to 1 in cycle N+1 and subsequently stays at 1. The nop bit of the EX  stage is set to 1 in cycle N+2 and subsequently stays at 1. The nop bit of the MEM stage is set to 1 in cycle N+3 and subsequently stays at 1. The nop bit of the WB stage is set to 1 in cycle  N+4 and subsequently stays at 1.  

At the end of each clock cycle the simulator checks to see if the nop bit of each stage is 1. If so, the simulation halts. Note that this logic is already implemented in the skeleton code provided to you.  

What to Output

Your simulator will output the values of all flip-flops at the end of each clock cycle. Further, when the simulation terminates, the simulator also outputs the state of the RF and Dmem. The skeleton code already prints out everything that your simulator needs to output.  

Testbenches and Grading

Test inputs for your simulator are in the form of “imem.txt” and “dmem.txt” files, and the expected outputs are in the form of “RFresult.txt”, “dmemresult.txt” and “stateresult.txt” files.

You are encouraged to develop your own test cases. You code will be graded on our own test inputs.

You are encouraged to develop your code in steps. A rough time frame for how long each step would take is given below.  

1.Step 1: your simulator should be able to handle add, sub, ld and sd instructions without any RAW hazards. (1 Week)

2.Step 2: in addition, your simulator should be able to handle add, sub, ld and sd instructions with RAW hazards. (1 Week)

3.Step 3: finally, enhance your simulator to handle beq instructions.

The grading scheme that we will use to test your code is:

• Code compiles and executes without crashing on all test inputs.

[10 Points]

• Code handles inputs with only add, sub, ld and sd instructions without any RAW hazards.

[30 Points]

• Code handles inputs with only add, sub, ld and sd instructions with RAW hazards.

[30 Points]

• Code handles all test inputs including those with beq instructions.

[30 Points]