MA3AM 2023/4 A 800
ASYMPTOTIC METHODS (MA3AM)
April/May 2024
SECTION A
1. (a) Show that
cot(E) = O(E—1)
as E → 0.
[4 marks]
(b) Show that
as E → 0.
[4 marks]
(c) Show that
as E → 0.
(You may use e —ttm dt = m! form = 0, 1, 2, · · · .)
[12 marks]
2. Show by construction that the roots of
x cot(x) = 1
for large x are given by
where nis a large integer
[16 marks]
and determine the next term in the series.
[4 marks]
(You may use the expansion tan(z) = z + z3 /3 + O(z5 ), and the identity )
3. Show, by integrating by parts three times, that if μ > 0
as μ → 0+ .
[12 marks]
Show further that
I(μ) = μ + o(μ2 ) ,
as μ → 0+ .
[8 marks]
SECTION B
4. Using an asymptotic expansion of the formu = u0 + ∈ u1 + · · · , where u0 ; u1 = O(1) are to be determined, show that two of the roots of the equation
u4 — u2 + ∈ = 0
as ∈ → 0 are given by
u = 土1 干 ∈ + · · · .
[8 marks]
Similarly, determine the leading TWO non-zero terms in the asymptotic expansions for each of the other two roots as ∈ → 0.
[12 marks]
5. (a) Use integration by parts to show that
as x → ∞ .
[17 marks]
(b) When using integration by parts as in part (a) for the asymptotic expansion of
what issue arises, and what alternative technique could you use instead?
[3 marks]
6. Consider the following initial value problem
Use Linstedt’s method to show that an asymptotic expansion of the
solution of (1) is given by
x(t; μ) = sinT +32/1μ (sin 3T - 7 sinT) + O(μ2 )
where T = t (1 + 8/1μ + O(μ2)).
[Note: sin 3Q = 3 sin Q - 4 sin3 Q.]
[20 marks]
7. Consider the boundary value problem
Show that the one-term outer expansion of the solution of (2) is given by xouter (t) = 2et-1 - 1 + O(∈) .
Use the method of matched asymptotic expansions to show that the corresponding one-term inner expansion is given by
xinner (t; ∈) = (1 - 2e-1)(e-t/ E - 1) + O(∈) ,
and determine a one-term composite expansion for the solution of (2) that is valid throughout [0, 1].
[20 marks]
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