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日期:2021-01-26 11:47

Homework 3

Problem 1 (3 points)

Rod Cutting: Show, by means of a counterexample, that the following “greedy” strategy does not

always determine an optimal way to cut rods. Define the density of a rod of length i to be pi / i,

that is, its value per inch. The greedy strategy for a rod of length n cuts off a first piece of length

i, where 1 ≤ i ≤ n, having maximum density. It then continues by applying the greedy strategy to

the remaining piece of length n – i.

Problem 2 (3 points)

Modified Rod Cutting: Consider a modification of the rod-cutting problem in which, in addition

to a price pi for each rod, each cut incurs a fixed cost of c. The revenue associated with a solution

is now the sum of the prices of the pieces minus the costs of making the cuts. Give a dynamicprogramming

algorithm (pseudocode) to solve this modified problem.

Problem 3 (6 points)

Making Change: Given coins of denominations (value) 1 = v1 < v2 < … < vn, we wish to make

change for an amount A using as few coins as possible. Assume that vi’s and A are integers.

Since v1= 1 there will always be a solution. Formally, an algorithm for this problem should take

as input an array V where V[i] is the value of the coin of the ith denomination and a value A

which is the amount of change we are asked to make. The algorithm should return an array C

where C[i] is the number of coins of value V[i] to return as change and m the minimum number

of coins it took. You must return exact change so ∑ V[i] ? C[i] = A

??

??=1

The objective is to minimize the number of coins returned or: ?? = ?????? ∑ C[i]

??

??=1

(a) Describe and give pseudocode for a dynamic programming algorithm to find the minimum

number of coins needed to make change for A.

(b) What is the theoretical running time of your algorithm?

Problem 4 (18 points)

Acme Super Store is having a contest to give away shopping sprees to lucky families. If a family

wins a shopping spree each person in the family can take any items in the store that he or she can

carry out, however each person can only take one of each type of item. For example, one family

member can take one television, one watch and one toaster, while another family member can

take one television, one camera and one pair of shoes. Each item has a price (in dollars) and a

weight (in pounds) and each person in the family has a limit in the total weight they can carry.

Two people cannot work together to carry an item. Your job is to help the families select items

for each person to carry to maximize the total price of all items the family takes.

(a) Write an efficient algorithm (verbal description and pseudo-code) to determine the maximum

total price of items for each family and the items that each family member should select.

(b) What is the theoretical running time of your algorithm for one test case given N items, a

family of size F, and family members who can carry at most Mi pounds for 1 ≤ i ≤ F.

(c) Implement your algorithm by writing a program named “shopping”. The program should

satisfy the specifications below.

Input: The input file named “shopping.txt” consists of T test cases

? T (1 ≤ T ≤ 100) is given on the first line of the input file.

? Each test case begins with a line containing a single integer number N that indicates the

number of items (1 ≤ N ≤ 100) in that test case

? Followed by N lines, each containing two integers: P and W. The first integer (1 ≤ P ≤

5000) corresponds to the price of object and the second integer (1 ≤ W ≤ 100) corresponds

to the weight of object.

? The next line contains one integer (1 ≤ F ≤ 30) which is the number of people in that

family.

? The next F lines contains the maximum weight (1 ≤ M ≤ 200) that can be carried by the ith

person in the family (1 ≤ i ≤ F).

Output: Written to a file named “results.txt”. For each test case your program should output the

maximum total price of all goods that the family can carry out during their shopping spree and

for each the family member, numbered 1 ≤ i ≤ F, list the item numbers 1 ≤ N ≤ 100 that they

should select. List both family members and the corresponding items in order.

Sample Input (comments are not part of the file, they are added for clarification)

2 // 2 test cases

3 // 3 items for test case 1

72 17 // P and W of item 1 (case 1)

44 23 // P and W of item 2 (case 1)

31 24 // P and W of item 3 (case 1)

1 // 1 family member (case 1)

26 // max weight for family member 1 (case 1)

6 // 6 items for test case 2

64 26 // P and W of item 1 (case 2)

Sample Output (in some cases, there are multiple solutions, providing only one of these

solutions is enough)


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